Al-Mawardi's Method of Criticism of the Narration of the Companions of Imam Al-Syafi'i in Al-Hawi Al-Kabir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58860/ijari.v4i2.110Keywords:
Al-Mawardi, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Muzani, Al-Rabi', Al-Buwaiti, criticism of jurisprudenceAbstract
This study examines how al-Mawardi critically evaluates transmissions attributed to Imam al-Shafi'i by his students and early transmitters in Al-Hawi al-Kabir. Differences among transmitted formulations may reflect variations in wording, interpretation, or the attribution of juristic opinions, making source criticism essential to the development of Shafi'i jurisprudence. Employing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach based on library research, the study examines Al-Hawi al-Kabir as its primary source and compares relevant passages with Shafi'i legal texts and biographical literature cited in the manuscript. The analysis focuses on narrations transmitted by al-Muzani, al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman, and al-Buwayti. Three sets of examples illustrate al-Mawardi's critical methodology. In the case of al-Muzani, he examines an attribution concerning divorce pronounced while intoxicated and a report regarding the granting of a deferment to a husband unable to engage in sexual intercourse. Regarding al-Rabi', he distinguishes a juristic opinion transmitted directly from al-Shafi'i from the transmitter's own legal reasoning. Concerning al-Buwayti, he evaluates a report on tayammum (dry ablution) by comparing it with other transmitted texts. Across these cases, his critical approach involves comparing chains of transmission, scrutinizing textual formulations and potential scribal errors, distinguishing direct transmission from takhrij (the derivation of juristic rulings), and assessing consistency with authoritative texts of the Shafi'i madhhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence). The findings demonstrate that al-Mawardi functioned not merely as a commentator on al-Muzani's legal compendium but also as a critical examiner and verifier of attributed juristic positions. These conclusions are limited to the cases examined and should not be generalized to all transmissions within the Shafi'i legal tradition.
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